Senior Dog Care and Nutrition
Senior Dog Care and Nutrition. When our pets age, it can bring out our inner “dog parent” to levels you never expected! Thankfully, many pets are living longer than they ever have due to advances in preventive care and nutrition. This is a wonderful development!
It also means that it’s our job as responsible pet parents to not only help them live longer, but to help them enjoy their senior years and have a longer “healthspan”-the time spent healthy and vibrantly living!
Senior Dog Care and Nutrition
Understanding Your Senior Dog: Age is More Than a Number
“When is my dog considered a senior dog?” is probably one of the most frequently asked questions that we receive. The fact is there is no one exact answer, because a dog’s breed and size will dictate most of the definition. But as a guideline, a dog is usually considered senior if they enter the final 25% of their life expectancy.
So for dogs, the answer is generally: Giant Breeds (i.e. Great Danes, etc.): 6 years of age Small, Medium and Large Dogs (i.e. Beagle, Labrador Retrievers, German Shepherd, Pug, etc): 10 -12 years of age In reality though, each dog ages at a different rate due to genetics and how their body handles and uses the energy they’re getting and their exposure to disease and other health concerns in the environment.
The Nutritional Foundation for a Healthy Senior Dog
Proper Nutrition Is the Foundation The diet should be intelligently planned to meet the needs of the older dog, who is no longer a puppy nor a full adult dog. The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) does not define “senior” nutritional parameters as they do for puppies and adults, so the nutritional content of so-called “senior” foods can differ enormously. Work with your veterinarian and keep these principles of nutrition in mind when choosing a diet for your senior:
1. Protein: The Muscle Guardian
One of the biggest shifts to see in the aging dog is lean body mass reduction – a condition we call sarcopenia. Sarcopenia often is responsible for weakness and poor quality of life. For healthy seniors, you might actually need to increase their protein intake perhaps as much as 50% over that needed by an adult dog to build and preserve lean mass and help boost their immunity.
Instead of lowering protein, many seniors use less protein which sounds good on calorie numbers, but actually leads to greater lean mass loss! As long as the dog does not have a disease, such as end stage renal disease, requiring protein restriction, he should still be fed highly digestible protein (chicken, lamb or fish).
2. Calorie Management: Quality Over Quantity
When it comes to their weight as they get older the body slows down and in most dogs can see energy needs drop by up to 20%. It’s why obesity is so common in older dogs, up to 40% of pets in the USA are over-weight or obese and this puts incredible strain on their joints, their organs and their hearts and can make them more vulnerable to problems such as diabetes and arthritis. Of course the solution isn’t to just feed them less (as this can rob them of vital nutrients) but a diet that is lower in calories but more nutrient dense is essential. Keep a regular check on your dog’s weight, you should be able to feel their ribs without a thick layer of fat between skin and bone.
3. Fats: Fueling Joints and Brain
Fats not only serve as fuel but are important for your brain and joints.
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA): Without a doubt the single most important supplements that you can provide for an aging dog. These fatty acids, which can be found in fish oil, are excellent natural anti-inflammatories and may reduce arthritis pain significantly. They will also improve your dog’s cognitive function, cardiovascular and renal function and slow cognitive aging in many cases. The dosage recommended for a dog with arthritis is between 75-100mg/kg/day of combined EPA and DHA.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs): Older dogs cannot use glucose (which dogs normally get their brain energy from) as effectively to provide the brain with energy. MCT’s provide an alternative fuel source for aging canine brain.
4. Digestibility and Gut Health
An aging digestive system may not be working quite like it used to. Select a diet formulated with highly digestible ingredients and a great source of protein to promote optimum nutrient utilization. An increase in fiber in the diet may help support consistent digestion and weight management with a sensation of satiety; for example, beet pulp or prebiotic fibers will also support good gut bacteria.
5. Supportive Supplements and Nutrients
Many diets are formulated for age related health issues: Glucosamine and Chondroitin are building blocks of cartilage and can aid joint mobility. Antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E can assist in neutralizing damaging oxygen based molecules, boost immunity, as a senior’s can wane, and can aid cognitive health. Controlling phosphorus is important not just to avoid kidney disease but is extremely critical to already established disease of the kidney as the filtering capacity declines with age.
Also Check: Why is My Senior Dog Refusing Dry Food?
Senior Dog Feeding Strategies: How to Feed for Success
Choosing a Food Format
Which Food Format is Right for Your Dog The best type of food is generally going to come down to the unique needs of your dog:
Dry Kibble: this is an economical option and easy to use, plus it’s can assist with the reduction of plaque and tartar accumulation. But the down side is this option has low moisture and may not be best for dogs with any type of dental condition or no teeth.
Wet or Canned Food: is high in moisture and great for the intake of water and the kidney function of a dog. It’s often a softer texture, too, and is great for the dog that has dental issues or has a low appetite.
Fresh or Refrigerated Food: are often minimal-processed with a lot of moisture and consist of real, whole foods, making these choices easily digestible and palatable.
The 7-Day Transition Rule
Transitioning the new food The big change you’re about to inflict upon your dog requires you to plan ahead. Don’t set yourself up for a few days of your house reeking like projectile vomit, because those digestive woes could have been easily prevented by gradually switching your dog over to new food over 7-10 days. On day one, mix in just a tiny amount of the new food into the old food, and over the next week, slowly increasing the proportion of new food to old. By the end of the week, all food should be the new brand.
Adjusting the Number of Meals
Most dogs are satisfied with two feedings a day. However, your veterinarian may suggest smaller meals at different times during the day if your dog is a guzzler or has specific health concerns.
Beyond the Bowl: Essential Care for the Golden Years
This only scratching the surface. Senior health also includes proactive medical care, light exercise and gentle stretching, keeping mentally alert and making sure their home environment is clean and comfortable.
Veterinary Care is Non-Negotiable
A vet visit two times per year is important rather than just one for the senior dogs. Two times per year visits allow for early detection of diseases which occur with old age, as that is the optimum time for the treatment of a disease to take hold. Screening through blood tests, urine tests, and blood pressure checks allows your veterinarian to search for symptoms of kidney disease, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and many others before the symptoms ever show.
Exercise and Mental Stimulation
Small doses are all you need. While it might be more appropriate for an older dog to do “less exercise”, this doesn’t necessarily equate to “no exercise.” Regular (even if it’s short, slower walks) around the house or a romp in the backyard will keep a dog’s muscles limber and prevent weight gain. Be careful not to overdo it; look for signs the dog is tiring, such as excessive panting, falling behind, or walking differently.
Training and Mental Stimulus: Many older dogs suffer from some cognitive decline and brain-boosting activities such as puzzles, nose games and simple training are effective ways to delay or reduce symptoms.
Dental and Home Care
One of the most common ailments found in older dogs is dental disease. Left unchecked, it can progress into other systemic problems of the kidneys, heart and liver. Brushing your dog’s teeth at home daily (with only dog-specific toothpaste recommended by your veterinarian) in addition to routine professional cleanings by your vet is crucial. Even making your home a more user-friendly environment can improve their comfort levels dramatically.
These could include things like anti slip mats on smooth/slippery floors, car ramps and sofa ramps to provide assistance and a comfortable orthopedic dog bed for him to rest. Caring for a senior dog might actually be the most fulfilling dog ownership that you experience in your lifetime. With a little effort from you and adjustment to the routine of your dog as he gets older, your loyal friend will be able to enjoy a happy, comfortable and safe old age. Plan his routine in conjunction with your veterinary team considering his own individual needs.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How old is my dog when they’re considered a senior?
Generally, a dog is considered a senior for the last 25 percent of their expected life span. For a giant breed, that could be around 6 years, a large dog around 8, or small/medium breeds at 10-12 years old. But more than age, you want to watch for changes in their activity levels, appetite or general health.
Do my senior dog truly need a special ‘senior’ diet?
They do, or rather they likely benefit from one. If your senior dog remains perfectly healthy and active, you may not need to change their diet, but often dogs begin to show age-related signs of aging weight gain, stiff joints or even confusion when they can really benefit from a senior diet. It can include reduced calories, added joint support or brain-boosting nutrients. Discuss this with your vet before making any changes.
My senior dog is gaining weight. Shouldn’t I just feed him less food?
No! This is the wrong approach to a weight gain problem. Feeding your senior less food will cause you to compromise on the essential nutrients and protein your dog needs and contribute to further muscle loss. Look for a food that is low in calories, but high in high-quality protein instead, or you can supplement their meal with low-calorie fillers like green beans. Talk to your veterinarian before putting your dog on a diet.
I read that senior dogs need more protein – is that true?
In general, it is. Healthy senior dogs will benefit from a protein intake 50% greater than that of an adult dog. This will help combat the natural muscle loss that occurs as dogs age and will help their immune system to stay stronger. Exceptions apply if your dog suffers from an advanced kidney disease which would require a protein-restricted diet, so discuss with your vet first.
What are the best supplements to give my older dog?
The best supplement for a senior dog will often contain Omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA. Research has shown that they can improve cognitive function and can reduce inflammation, in addition to supporting heart and joint health. Glucosamine and chondroitin also support joint function. Talk to your vet before starting your dog on a new supplement.
My dog has really poor teeth and is having trouble chewing his kibble. What should I do?
It’s time for a change. Try feeding your dog wet food, or a fresh refrigerated diet instead. Wet food is softer and moister. The fresh, refrigerated diets tend to be quite pali table and easy to chew. You can also soften your dog’s dry food with a little warm water.
How often should I visit my vet with my senior dog?
Visit your veterinarian at least every six months. These visits can catch problems caused by aging in your senior pet and prevent serious health issues.
How can I make my house safer for my older dog?
Making your home environment comfortable will help your older dog retain independence. Try to include non-slip mats or rugs on hard surfaces, install pet ramps to help him get up and down from his favorite furniture and provide an orthopedic bed for his joints.
My senior dog is getting confused or seems forgetful. Is this old age?
It could be Canine Cognitive Dysfunction, also referred to as CCD or dog dementia. The symptoms are similar to canine confusion and disorientation or changes in sleep patterns and routine or house-training habits. Talk to your vet, as diet, supplements and medications could assist in managing symptoms.
My senior dog is less active, how can I keep his mind stimulated?
In addition to physical exercise, keep your senior dog’s brain engaged too. Challenge your senior dog with nose games (where he must find treats that you’ve hidden), use puzzle toys where he must figure out how to release treats, or use very short positive reinforcement training exercises.
